3 10 24 https://timroberts.org/wiugrr/files/original/5a4524c95627ee0cb26e81f9e840372b.jpg dccaec7cc3cb4e19575a9eb1b3326c07 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data hand-knitted quilt Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h4>Quilt code</h4> Subject The topic of the resource <h4>underground railroad quilts</h4> Description An account of the resource <h4>This quilt, on display in Jacksonville, Illinois' Woodlawn Farm historic site, is represented to illustrate the Underground Railroad's reliance on quilts to communicate secret information among fugitive slaves. Folk tales about such quilts claim that their knots and patterns told about how and where to travel. For example, a monkey wrench pattern directed slaves to carry their tools. A flying geese pattern pointed the direction slaves should travel. The bow tie and shoofly patterns directed slaves to wear better clothing than they did as slaves, to avoid detection in cities. A drunkards path pattern directed slaves to travel in a zig zag pattern, which, not coincidentally, was also the alleged pattern of safe houses. The star pattern directed slaves to follow the North Star. But underground railroad quilts, as a tool of freedom seekers, is a myth. The myth of the quilt reflects the fact that fugitive slaves and their allies communicated in secret, but relies on false assumptions about slave catchers’ naivete and slaves’ involvement with, and dependence on, a domestic production of white middle class society.</h4> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource <h4>Woodlawn Farm historic site</h4> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource <h4>1840-1860s</h4> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <h4>Woodlawn Farm historic site</h4> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource <h4>jpeg image</h4> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <h4>WIUGRR #14</h4> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant <h4>Illinois, United States</h4> Type The nature or genre of the resource <h4>image</h4> antislavery Illinois Military Tract myths quilts slavery Underground Railroad https://timroberts.org/wiugrr/files/original/6a24f3a165640ff77eb2e025be2ea8bd.jpg 06aa79bfc76eac31cf73737cdb80b70b Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data photograph Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h4>Spoon River Valley site</h4> Subject The topic of the resource <h4>Underground railroad tourism and heritage</h4> Description An account of the resource <h4>The road sign in this image was formerly posted in or near Bernadotte, Fulton County. It directed tourists to visit the site of the home of Francis Overton, and his daughter, Harriet Overton, both WIUGRR operators. Francis built a cabin near Bernadotte in 1835, where he harbored fugitive slaves and from which he accompanied them along a ravine to another safe space, the Stone Castle. Reflecting both local sentiment, and the fact that some operators' illicit complicity with fugitive slaves was an open secret, an anti-black mob attacked Francis one day in town. Harriet mounted a horse, and, armed with a lead bar, charged the mob, obtaining her father's release.</h4> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource <h4>Glennette Tilley Turner</h4> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <h4><em>Underground Railroad in Illinois</em></h4> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <h4>Newman Educational Publishing</h4> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource <h4>2001</h4> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <h4>Glennette Tilley Turner</h4> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource <h4>jpeg photograph</h4> Type The nature or genre of the resource <h4>image</h4> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant <h4>Illinois, United States</h4> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <h4>WIUGRR #17</h4> Language A language of the resource <h4>English</h4> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource <div class="YoJUFe"> <div class="JbD68d"> <h4 class="zNLTKd">Illinois Department of Local Government Affairs Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission, <em>Intergovernmental Cooperation in Illinois</em>, 1976</h4> </div> </div> antislavery Bernadotte Francis Overton Harriet Overton Illinois slavery Underground Railroad https://timroberts.org/wiugrr/files/original/8d789a08a2f342f839550e19e44533c9.jpg d1fa227fa7335d85f644181db2bce059 https://timroberts.org/wiugrr/files/original/83477b7163dff6c3964aa55faedb017c.jpg bd6a76555039f1083d0ab3a4d48ee78f https://timroberts.org/wiugrr/files/original/c94a1a5f1038edf0cf08f84df2acad98.jpg 309570acaa599a1b4f7f6126b0d7290a https://timroberts.org/wiugrr/files/original/7809a03cb1bf1feede144a47a8685d32.jpg 65cc7a52911d18d35dd18006d98376ba Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document To the McDonough County Historical Society Ladies and Gentlemen: I HAVE been asked to write a historical account of the underground railway that was in existence in McDonough county before the Civil war, but it is impossible, after a lapse of more than sixty years, with no authentic records to draw from, to assemble anything like a chronological account of the events that transpired in those troubled times. As it is my aim to deal only with those events that I know to be true, I must therefore confine my account largely to episodes that came directly under my attention as a boy, and to incidents related to me by my father and mother, coupled with much valuable information secured from the children of Andrew and Harmon Allison, who like the Blazers were ardent abolitionists, and a part of the underground system. I trust that this account, which is as accurate and complete as it is in my power to give it at this late date, may assist you in gaining an idea of the strife and animosities that existed in the decade ending in 1860. It was preached that slavery was a divine institution and that the negro was nothing more than an animal; the fearless men who operated the underground system were criminals in the eyes of the law but they gained courage for their dangerous work in the firm belief that they were performing a duty in the eyes of God and that the black man was a human being with a soul. All underground railroads started on the line of some free state that bordered on a slave state. The road that extended through McDonough county started at Quincy, which was station No. 1, receiving negroes from across the Mississippi river in Missouri. Station No. 2 was down at Round Prairie in Hancock county, at the Pettyjohn or Burton home. Station No. 3, in McDonough county, was generally at the home of some one of the Blazers down on Camp Creek in Industry township, or at the home of Uncle Billy Allison, or one of his sons up on Troublesome Creek. Part of them lived in Chalmers and others in Scotland township. Station No. 4 was at the home of Henry Dobbins in Fulton county, from whence cargoes of negroes were dispatched to Galesburg, Princeton and on to Canada, the terminus of all underground railroads. It is interesting to recall that the Princeton station was in charge of the Lovejoy family, which played such an important part in the early abolition movement. Oratorical Genius No Match For Hatred Against Emancipation At the time when the quarrel between the abolitionists and adherents of slavery was becoming most bitter, proponents of emancipation engaged an orator to speak afternoon and night at Old Camp Creek church, then located about a mile and a half southeast of Ebenezer church and a like distance southwest of the present Camp Creek church. Antagonists served notice that the speaker would not be permitted to talk, and when the afternoon meeting hour drew near there was an organized gang present bent on breaking up the meeting and probably doing violence to the orator. These men were armed and acting in a threatening manner. The atmosphere was tense with excitement. Bloodshed was feared. There were men and women present, who, while not in sympathy with any argument that could be delivered against slavery, were governed by cooler judgments, and they prevailed upon the gang not to start any trouble. “Let him speak; we’d like to hear what he has to say,” was the admonition that calmed the armed band. The address was an impassioned speech depicting the negro in chains, cowed to the dust under the whip of the master, sold and bartered like cattle and torn asunder mother from child, father from son—the negro, though black by no fault of his own, born in the image of his Creator and entitled to life, liberty and happiness no less than his white brother. The orator held his audience well, but only for the moment. Animosities were too bitter to be wiped out with a single flash of oratorical genius; hatred of the negro as a free and equal being was too deeply imbedded. When the address was finished and the more inflammable minds descended to the level of everyday thinking, these hatreds and animosities again came to the surface, and there was a general determination that the speaker had said enough for one day. A council of the abolitionists was held, and both men and women debated whether or not it would be advisable to permit the speaker to go through with his evening program. It was finally decided that in order to avoid probable bloodshed, the evening session should be called off. Men Carried Rifles When They Went to the Ballot Box In 1852 the abolitionists had a candidate for president in John P. Hale. The adherents of slavery declared there should not be an abolitionist vote cast in McDonough county. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data book Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <h4>Testimony of a conductor</h4> Subject The topic of the resource <h4>The first pages of a transcript of a public lecture by David Blazer to the McDonough County (Illinois) Historical Society, 1922</h4> Description An account of the resource <h4>David Blazer, of Aledo, Illinois, shared his memory and specific details of the underground railroad activities of his father, uncle, grandfather, and of another family, the Allisons, in McDonough County, Illinois before the Civil War.</h4> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource <h4>David Blazer</h4> Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <h4><em>History of the underground railroad of McDonough County, Illinois</em></h4> Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available <h4>Aledo, Il.:Times Record Company</h4> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource <h4>1922</h4> Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource <h4>public domain</h4> Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource <h4>jpeg image</h4> Language A language of the resource <h4>English</h4> Type The nature or genre of the resource <h4>text</h4> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <h4>WIUGRR #11</h4> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant <h4>Illinois, United States</h4> Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource <h4>Library of Congress</h4> Allison family antislavery Blazer family David Blazer Illinois McDonough County Military Tract slavery Underground Railroad https://timroberts.org/wiugrr/files/original/8aa521f32d17b260cdc1cd9c40c26e86.jpg f290232d1d9724faffd9ebd5839d2078 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data <strong>stone monument</strong> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Susan "Aunt Sukey" Richardson gravestone Subject The topic of the resource <strong>African American agents in the Underground Railroad</strong> Description An account of the resource <strong>In 1842, indentured servant Susan “Sukey” Richardson, her three children, and another woman, Hannah Morrison, fled north from Sparta, Illinois, assisted by William Hayes, a neighbor of Richardson’s master, Andrew Borders. Borders had brought Richardson as a slave from Virginia. Hayes was inspired by opposition to slavery of his church, the Covenanters. He, Hannah, and the Richardsons traveled by foot and steamboat to Farmington, but were caught and jailed in Galesburg, before its antislavery committee freed them. Sukey and Hannah remained free, but Borders kidnapped Sukey's children and returned to his farm; the family never reunited. Subsequently, Sukey married a free black man named Henry Van Allen. They had three children together, but in the early 1850s he disappeared, leaving her with their three children. Sukey then married Thomas Richardson, a widower who had also escaped on the Underground Railroad. She operated an Underground Railroad safe house, and helped found the Allen Chapel A.M.E. Church, the oldest African American Church in Knox County. She died in 1904 and is buried in Galesburg's Hope Cemetery. </strong> Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource <strong>Friends of Hope Cemetery</strong> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource <strong>Gravestone added to the Richardson gravesite in 2004</strong> Type The nature or genre of the resource <strong>image</strong> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context <strong>WIUGRR #19</strong> Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant <strong>Illinois, United States</strong> Allen Chapel A.M.E. Church antislavery Galesburg Illinois Susan Sukey Richardson Underground Railroad William Hayes